Nonviolent Communication for the Inner Dialogue of Women with ADHD

This study provides a theoretical framework suggesting that nonviolent communication (NVC) can alleviate the violence frequently experienced in the inner dialogue of women with Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). Due to the high correlation between ADHD symptoms in women and elevated rates of anxiety, depression, engagement in self-harm, and internalized self-criticism, exploring methods to mitigate negative self-dialogue is essential. Research on NVC indicates that individuals can cultivate empathy and compassion in interpersonal communication, suggesting potential benefits for addressing challenges in intrapersonal communications that often stem from the internalized presentation of ADHD symptoms in women. The gender gap in ADHD diagnosis, which often results in under-recognized symptoms in women, will be addressed as an additional factor contributing to self-criticism.

This study proposes that mindfulness and need-based communication within this framework of NVC may benefit women with ADHD by promoting non-judgmental self-observation of thoughts, emotions, and beliefs. This approach allows individuals to identify underlying needs, thereby fostering greater personal responsibility for their emotional and mental well-being. This research informed the creation of a Facilitator’s Manual to deliver a four-week course for women diagnosed with or identifying as having ADHD. The four sessions align with the four keystones of NVC: nonjudgmental observation, recognizing feelings, identifying needs, and creating boundaries. The facilitator’s manual presents basic psychoeducation of ADHD, offers practices to cultivate each of the key components of NVC, and intends to support the development of need-based intrapersonal communication in women with ADHD, to reduce the self-violence found in the inner dialogue.